aarch0x40

Hopefully this doesn’t lead to a redefinition of what “end-to-end encryption” means

You would want the source partitions to be equal to or smaller than the target.  You would need to resize them first

You could just use dd to copy the old drive over the new one then resize the partitions.  Or you could partition the new drive and dd copy the slices you want to cut over then resize the filesystems.

Archiving (catting files together) and compression are two different actions. This is true even in formats and zip or rar where the functions have always been a part of the same utility. They are separated in Unix because the Tape ARchiver wasn’t initially intended to produce a file on disk. The tar utility did eventually add compression but that’s not always desirable.

An archive of compressed files is just another archive regardless of the format.  Compressed files is also a bit vague a term.  Most video and music formats are compressed, so compressing them again doesn’t really add much value and can sometimes even produce larger sizes.